Open-source intelligence (OSINT)
🔻 IMPORTANT 【重要】香港就業人口定義涵蓋勞資雙方人口
香港就業人口定義涵蓋勞資雙方人口：香港的就業人口定義涵蓋勞資雙方人口，而非唯限一般的勞動被聘用者人口，因此導致了失業率離奇居穩定低水平與經濟衰退局面脫鉤。
Hong Kong's definition of the working population covers both employers and employees, not just the general labor force, thus leading to an oddly low and stable unemployment rate that is decoupled from the economic downturn.
▪️ 經過調查，筆者確認了與經濟衰退脫鉤的香港失業率一直趨於偏低的主要原因在於其包括勞資雙方的就業人口的定義，而非傳媒和所謂經濟學者解釋的傳統原因。這同時證實了日本的勞動理論不能直接適用於香港環境，是因為就業人口定義普遍跟隨勞動者人口的定義，即被聘用人士的定義。香港的‘就業人口’定義則與此截然不同。香港並不跟隨馬克思主義的就業人口定義。換言之，轉為自僱人士居多，移民潮，學生和退休人口增加都是低失業率的次要的原因，是因為就業人口的定義本身就包含勞資雙方。香港的失業率是勞資失業率，而非勞動者/被聘用者失業率。
After investigation, the author confirms that the reason why Hong Kong's unemployment rate, which is delinked from the economic recession, has been trending low is due to its definition of the working population which includes both the labor force and the employers, rather than the traditional reason as suggested by the media and the so-called economists.
It also confirms that the Japanese labor theory is not directly applicable to the Hong Kong environment because the definition of the employed population generally follows the definition of the labor force, i.e. the employed persons. Hong Kong's definition of 'working population' is quite different. Hong Kong does not follow the Marxist definition of the working population. In other words, the shift to a predominantly self-employed population, the influx of immigrants, the increase in the student population, and the retired population are all secondary reasons for the low unemployment rate, because the definition of the working population itself includes both employers and employees. The unemployment rate in Hong Kong is the unemployment rate of employers and employees, not the unemployment rate of laborers/employed persons.
🔻 NEWS / FACTs 【新聞/事實】香港就業人口定義涵蓋勞資雙方人口
▪️ 筆者疑問
「就業人口包括在統計前7天內有從事工作賺取薪酬或利潤，或有一份正式工作的15歲及以上人士。」， 依照這個定義的內涵，所謂「就業」的外延自動涵蓋企業老闆，投資人個人，投機者，真自僱人士，個體戶業主等資方人士，是因為那些人士身分都可被視為有某種‘工作’職位賺取’利潤’的人士。一般勞動者明明非賺取利潤者，而是賺取工資者。 資方也可以稱為在公司有特定‘工作’頭銜和賺取「利潤」的人士。資方個別人士也都被包括在內？因此，所謂就業人口是勞資方謀生牟利個別人士的總體？
Hong Kong's definition of the working population covers both employers and employees, not just the general labor force, thus leading to an oddly low and stable unemployment rate that is decoupled from the economic downturn. After investigation, the author confirms that the reason why Hong Kong's unemployment rate, which is delinked from the economic recession, has been trending low is due to its definition of the employed population which includes both the labor force and the employers, rather than the traditional reason as suggested by the media and the so-called economists. It also confirms that the Japanese labor theory is not directly applicable to the Hong Kong environment because the definition of the employed population generally follows the definition of the labor force, i.e. the employed persons. Hong Kong's definition of 'working population' is quite different. Hong Kong does not follow the Marxist definition of the working population. In other words, the shift to a predominantly self-employed population, the influx of immigrants, the increase in the student population, and the retired population are all secondary reasons for the low unemployment rate, because the definition of the working population itself includes both employers and employees. The unemployment rate in Hong Kong is the unemployment rate of employers and employees, not the unemployment rate of laborers/employed persons. Author's Query “The 'working' population comprises persons aged 15 and over who were engaged in work for pay or profit or had a formal job during the seven days before enumeration”. According to the connotation of this definition, the so-called 'working' automatically covers employers, investors, speculators, genuine self-employed persons, individual householders, and other capitalists, because all of them can be regarded as persons who have a certain kind of 'job' and are earning 'profits'. The reason for this is that these people can be regarded as having some kind of 'job' to earn 'profit'. The average laborer is not a profit earner, but a wage earner. The employer can also be referred to as the person who has a specific 'job' title in the company and earns 'profits'. Are individual employers also included? So, the so-called working population is the total of the individuals who make a living and make a profit as employers?
▪️政府統計處回答
「綜合住戶統計調查」是統計處一項持續進行的抽樣統計調查，旨在搜集有關勞動人口、就業、失業及就業不足的資料以及一些有關人口和社會經濟特徵的資料。是項統計調查涵蓋全港陸上非住院人口，但不包括公共機構／社團院舍的住院人士及水上居民。 根據定義，一名15歲或以上的陸上非住院人士，如符合下列情況，可界定為就業人士：
(i) 在統計前7天內有從事工作賺取薪酬或利潤；或 (ii) 有一份正式工作（即該人士持續支取工資或薪金；或已獲保證或已有既定日期返回工作崗位或所經營之業務；或正支取補償費而無須接受其他工作）。 就業人士可分為： 自營作業者：從事本身業務／職業時為賺取利潤或費用而工作，並沒有受僱於人或僱用他人。 僱主：從事本身業務／職業時為賺取利潤或費用而工作，最少僱用一人為其工作。 僱員：為賺取工資、薪金、佣金、小費或實物津貼而為僱主（私營公司、住戶或政府）工作。外發工、家庭傭工和支薪家庭從業員亦包括在內。 無酬家庭從業員：為有關家庭生意工作而並無收取報酬。報酬不包括膳宿和零用錢，但若他／她因工作而定時支取報酬，應視為僱員。 有關「綜合住戶統計調查」中有關就業人士的統計數字和定義，你可參考《綜合住戶統計調查按季統計報告》(2024年第2季)。
《綜合住戶統計調查按季統計報告》(2024年第2季)：
Link🔗
以上報告的資料說明（完整版）：Link 🔗
Reply from the Census and Statistics Department
“The General Household Survey (GHS) is an ongoing sample survey conducted by the C&SD to collect information on the labor force, employment, unemployment, and underemployment, as well as some demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The survey covers the land-based non-institutionalized population in Hong Kong but excludes inmates of public institutions/institutional care homes and water-borne residents. By definition, a land-based non-institutionalized person aged 15 or above is classified as working if he/she is (i) was engaged in work for pay or profit during the seven days before enumeration; or (ii) having a regular job (i.e. the person is receiving wages or salary continuously, or has been guaranteed or has a fixed date to return to his/her job or business, or is receiving compensation payments and is not obliged to take up other work). Working persons can be categorized as self-employed: working for profit or fee in his/her business/occupation without being employed or hiring others. Employer: working for profit or fee in his/her business/occupation and employing at least one person to work for him/her. Employee: Working for an employer (private company, household, or government) for wages, salary, commission, tips, or allowances in kind. Outworkers, domestic helpers, and paid family workers are also included. Unpaid family workers: Working for the family business without remuneration. Remuneration does not include board and lodging and out-of-pocket expenses, but he/she should be regarded as an employee if he/she is remunerated depending on his/her work. For statistics and definitions of working persons in the General Household Survey, you may refer to the Quarterly Report on General Household Survey (Second Quarter 2024). - Quarterly Report on General Household Survey (Second Quarter 2024): Link🔗 - Information note for the above report (full version): Link 🔗
🔻 COMMENT 【評語】
一言以蔽之，與經濟衰退局面逆流的香港低失業率之謎的主要理由是其涵蓋勞資雙方的‘就業’人口的定義。香港的就業人口定義非純粹勞動者（被聘用而工資生活）人口。
In a nutshell, the main reason for the mystery of Hong Kong's low unemployment rate, which runs counter to the economic downturn, is its definition of the working population as covering both employers and employees. The definition of the working population in Hong Kong is the capitalist and the laborer (employed for a living wage) population.
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